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Clin Oral Investig. 2016 Nov;20(8):1997-2005. Epub 2015 Dec 23.

The effect of human blood on the setting and surface micro-hardness of calcium silicate cements.

Song M¹, Yue W², Kim S³, Kim W³, Kim Y³, Kim JW³, Kim E⁴.

Author information

• ¹Division of Constitutive & Regenerative Sciences Section of Restorative Dentistry, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
• ²Microscope Center, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Science Research Center, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752, South Korea.
• ³College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.
• ⁴Microscope Center, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Science Research Center, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752, South Korea. ANDYENDO@yuhs.ac.

Abstract

OBJECTIVES:

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of human blood on the setting and microhardness of calcium silicate cements.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Three types of silicate-based cements were used: ProRoot MTA (PMTA), OrthoMTA (OMTA), and RetroMTA (RMTA). Mixed cement was placed into polyethylene molds with lengths of 2 and 4 mm. After storage for 4 days under three different storage conditions, i.e., saline, saline after 5 min of human blood, and human blood, the polyethylene molds were removed. With the specimens set, the surface microhardness was measured using a Vickers microhardness tester, crystalline structure was analyzed with X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the surface characteristics were examined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

RESULTS:

All specimens of 4 mm in length were set with all materials, and the blood groups exhibited lower microhardnesses than did the saline groups (p < 0.05). Among the 2-mm specimens that were stored in blood, the numbers of specimens that set were significantly different across the materials (p < 0.001). Regarding the microhardnesses of the RMTA and OMTA groups, there were no significant differences between storage conditions. For the PMTA group, only one specimen that was set in the blood group exhibited reduced microhardness. XRD showed changes of crystalline structure in the PMTA and OMTA blood group, whereas RMTA did not. SEM analysis revealed more rounded and homogeneous structures and demonstrated a clear lack of acicular or needle-like crystals in the PMTA and OMTA blood groups, while RMTA did not reveal substantial differences between the saline- and blood-stored groups.

CONCLUSION:

Blood contamination detrimentally affected the surface microhardnesses of all materials; furthermore, among the 2-mm specimens, blood contamination interfered with normal setting. Therefore, RMTA might be a more suitable choice when blood contamination is unavoidable due to limited depth. Clinical relevance RetroMTA might be a more suitable choice in situations in which blood contamination is unavoidable.

KEYWORDS:

Calcium silicate cements; Human blood; Micro-hardness; Mineral trioxide aggregate; RetroMTA

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J Dent. 2016 Jul 27. pii: S0300-5712(16)30142-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jdent.2016.07.015. [Epub ahead of print]

A randomized controlled trial of various MTA materials for partial pulpotomy in permanent teeth.

Kang CM¹, Sun Y¹, Song JS¹, Pang NS², Roh BD³, Lee CY³, Shin Y⁴.

Author information

• ¹Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
• ²Department of Advanced General Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
• ³Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
• ⁴Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: densys@yuhs.ac.

Abstract

OBJECTIVES:

The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the clinical applicability of various MTA materials as partial pulpotomy materials in permanent teeth.

METHODS:

Partial pulpotomy was performed on 104 permanent teeth from 82 people (mean 29.3±14.8years old), who met the inclusion criteria in randomized clinical trial. The teeth were divided into three groups: ProRoot MTA (n=33), OrthoMTA (n=36), RetroMTA (n=35). Clinical examination and radiographic comparison were carried out at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after the treatment. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier survival curves and log rank tests.

RESULTS:

Partial pulpotomy sustained a high success rate up to 1year with no significant differences in the outcomes treated with three MTA materials: ProRoot MTA, 96.0%; OrthoMTA, 92.8%; RetroMTA, 96.0%. The Kaplan-Meier survival function curves showed no significant differences among three groups concerning clinical and radiographic cumulative survival rates. In addition, no potential prognostic factors related to the success rate of partial pulpotomy among age, sex, tooth type, root apex status, the site and type of pulp exposure, and the type of restoration were observed in log rank analysis.

CONCLUSIONS:

Partial pulpotomy with ProRoot MTA, OrthoMTA and RetroMTA had favorable results and clinical and radiographic results were not significantly different in three groups after 1year.

Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

KEYWORDS:

MTA; Partial pulpotomy; Permanent tooth; Randomized controlled trial

J Appl Oral Sci. 2015 Jul-Aug;23(4):383-9. doi: 10.1590/1678-775720150065.

Analysis of radiopacity, pH and cytotoxicity of a new bioceramic material.

Souza LC¹, Yadlapati M², Dorn SO², Silva R², Letra A².

Author information

• ¹Department of Materials Science, Military Institute of Engineering, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BR.
• ²Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, US.

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:

RetroMTA® is a new hydraulic bioceramic indicated for pulp capping, perforations or root resorption repair, apexification and apical surgery. The aim of this study was to compare the radiopacity, pH variation and cytotoxicity of this material to ProRoot® MTA.

MATERIAL AND METHODS:

Mixed cements were exposed to a digital x-ray along with an aluminum stepwedge for the radiopacity assay. pH values were verified after incubation period of 3, 24, 48, 72 and 168 hours. The cytotoxicity of each cement was tested on human periodontal ligament fibroblasts using a multiparametric assay. Data analysis was performed using ANOVA and Tukey'spost hoc in GraphPad Prism.

RESULTS:

ProRoot® MTA had higher radiopacity than RetroMTA®(p<0.001). No significant differences were observed for the pH of the materials throughout experimental periods (p>0.05) although pH levels of both materials reduced over time. Both ProRoot® MTA and RetroMTA® allowed for significantly higher cell viability when compared with the positive control (p<0.001). No statistical difference was observed between ProRoot® MTA and RetroMTA® cytotoxicity level in all test parameters, except for the ProRoot® MTA 48-hour extract media in the NR assay (p<0.05).

CONCLUSION:

The current study provides new data about the physicochemical and biological properties of Retro® MTA concerning radiopacity, pH and cytotoxic effects on human periodontal ligaments cells. Based on our findings, RetroMTA® meets the radiopacity requirements standardized by ANSI/ADA number 572, and similar pH values and biocompatibility to ProRoot® MTA. Further studies should be performed to evaluate additional properties of this new material.

J Oral Sci. 2015 Sep;57(3):185-90. doi: 10.2334/josnusd.57.185.

The effect of blood contamination on dislocation resistance of different endodontic reparative materials.

Üstün Y¹, Topçuoğlu HS, Akpek F, Aslan T.

Author information

• ¹Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University.

Abstract

This study evaluated the retention characteristics of ProRoot mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), RetroMTA, Supra MTA, and Biodentine biomaterials used to repair furcation perforations contaminated with blood. Furcal perforations measuring 1.3 mm in diameter and 2 mm in height were created in 96 mandibular first molar teeth, which were then randomly divided into the following two groups (n = 48): contaminated (+) or non-contaminated (-) with blood. The groups were subdivided into four groups (n = 12) according to the material used (ProRoot MTA, RetroMTA, Supra MTA, and Biodentine) to seal the perforations. The samples were allowed to set for 14 days and were then subjected to push-out testing. The results were analyzed using ANOVA, and the failure modes were examined using a surgical microscope. ProRoot MTA (+/-) and RetroMTA (+/-) exhibited superior bond strength values; in addition, there were no significant differences among these groups (P > 0.05). Biodentine (+) showed intermediate values that were sometimes statistically similar to the ProRoot MTA (+/-) and RetroMTA (+/-) groups (P > 0.05) and, at other times, the Biodentine (-) and Supra MTA (+/-) groups (P > 0.05). The lowest bond strength values were shown by the Biodentine (-) and Supra MTA groups (P > 0.05). "Adhesive failure mode" was the most frequently observed type for all tested materials. Blood contamination did not affect the dislocation resistance of materials.

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