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치아와 같은 성분의 나노입자 하이드록시아파타이트 치아재광화 페이스트 아파프로

Biomimtics + Nano Technology

치아와 같은 나노입자를 치면에 공급해 손상된 치면을 리페어하고 재광화합니다.

Enamel Repair + Tooth Remineralization

State of the Art Enamel Remineralization Systems: The Next Frontier in Caries Management

Philip N.

Caries Res 2019;53:284–295

https://doi.org/10.1159/000493031

Biomimetic Remineralization

Oral care products containing fluoride are effective in remineralizing enamel but do not have the potential to promote formation of organized apatite crystals [Ruan and Moradian-Oldak, 2015]. Presently, there is an attempt to shift from reparative to regenerative biomineralization therapies, wherein diseased dental tissues are replaced with biologically similar tissues [Alkilzy et al., 2018b]. Enamel regeneration is however particularly challenging as mature enamel is acellular and does not resorb or remodel itself unlike bone or dentine [Moradian-Oldak, 2012]. Advances in tissue engineering methods have yielded biomimetic methods that have demonstrated a strong potential for regenerating the hierarchical enamel microstructure.

 

Nanohydroxyapatite

Synthetic nanohydroxyapatite (nHA) is considered one of the most biocompatible and bioactive materials having similar morphology, structure, and crystallinity to the apatite crystal within enamel [Hanning and Hanning, 2010]. The nano-sized particles can strongly bind to enamel surfaces and with fragments of plaque and bacteria. The small size of the particles that compose nHA considerably increase its surface area for binding as well as allowing it to act as a filler to repair small holes and depressions on the enamel surface [Pepla et al., 2014]. In vitro dynamic pH-cycling experiments have shown that nHA had the potential to remineralize initial enamel lesions with a comparable or even superior efficacy to that of fluoride [Huang et al., 2009, 2011; Najibfard et al., 2011; Tschoppe et al., 2011]. Another in vitro study found that nHA gel had significant potential for enamel remineralization around restoration margins [Juntavee et al., 2018]. The mechanism of nHA biomimetic function is not clear with some researchers suggesting that it promotes remineralization through the creation of a new layer of synthetic enamel around the tooth or by depositing apatite nanoparticles in the enamel defects [Li et al., 2008; Pepla et al., 2014]. However, others have proposed that nHA acts as calcium phosphate reservoir maintaining a state of supersaturation with respect to enamel minerals, thereby inhibiting demineralization and enhancing remineralization [Huang et al., 2011].

Although nHA products have been available since the 1980s, there are as yet no well-designed RCTs that prove its superior efficacy to fluoride toothpastes. Moreover, under neutral conditions, nHA is seen to promote preferential remineralization of the outer enamel caries lesion, with full remineralization of the lesion not observed [Huang et al., 2011]. Further evidence is required before clinicians can recommend nHA oral products as a substitute to fluoride dentifrices or mouthwashes.

Issue 34, 2008 Journal of Materials Chemistry

Repair of enamel by using hydroxyapatite nanoparticles as the building blocks

Li Li,^a  Haihua Pan,^a  Jinhui Tao,^a  Xurong Xu,^a  Caiyun Mao,^b  Xinhua Gu^b  and  Ruikang Tang*^a 

The application of calcium phosphates and their nanoparticles have been received great attention. However, hydroxyapatite (HAP) is not suggested in dental therapy to repair the damaged enamel directly although this compound has a similar chemical composition to enamel. We note that the size-effects of HAP are not taken into account in the previous studies as these artificial particles frequently have sizes of hundreds of nanometres. It has recently been revealed that the basic building blocks of enamel are 20-40 nm HAP nanoparticles. We suggest that the repair effect of HAP can be greatly improved if its dimensions can be reduced to the scale of the natural building blocks. Compared with conventional HAP and nano amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP), our in vitro experimental results demonstrate the advantages of 20 nm HAP in enamel repairs. The results of scanning electron microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, quantitative measurement of the adsorption, dissolution kinetics, and nanoindentation, show the strong affinity, excellent biocompatibility, mechanical improvement, and the enhancement of erosion-free by using 20 nm particles as the repairing agent. However, these excellent in vitro repair effects cannot be observed when conventional HAP and ACP are applied. Clearly, nano HAP with a size of 20 nm shares similar characteristics to the natural building blocks of enamel so that it may be used as an effective repair material and anticaries agent. Our current study highlights the analogues of nano building blocks of biominerals during biomedical applications, which provide a novel pathway for biomimetic repair.

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